Outdoor trees
Juniper, Pine, Hinoki, Cedar, Maple
Daily care
- Sun: full sun, outside when possible
- Water: deeply, just before soil dries
- Feed: regularly, spring to early autumn
- Rotate: turn it often for even growth
Shaping
- Pruning: use wound sealer on big cuts
- Trim: shorten long shoots all season
- Wiring: remove before wire bites in
- Rest: a season to recover after big work
Soil & repotting
- Soil: gritty bonsai mix, no potting soil
- Repot: every few years, before buds swell
- Roots: trim no more than a third
- After: shelter it; no feeding for a month
Winter
- Evergreens: still need light all winter
- Watering: less frequent, but still water
- Insulate: set on ground, mulch to protect
- Shelter: protect against drying wind
Foliage
- Yellowing: often too much water
- Crispy tips: too dry or too much sun
- Pale growth: more light or a little feed
- Brown inner needles: normal in autumn
Concerns
- Drainage: water pools on top; plan a repot
- Mold/mildew: ensure good airflow
- Wilting, wet soil: possible root rot
- Sticky leaves: look for scale or aphids
